Maceration
Maceration
Maceration in wine is the process of soaking crushed grape skins, seeds and stems in the juice (must) to extract color, tannins and aroma compounds. Maceration can be cold (before fermentation), warm (during fermentation), or carbonic (used in making Beaujolais wines). It is crucial in red wine creation as it is responsible for their structure and color, with wines which are soaked for longer being fuller bodied and deeper colored. Rosés and some white wines are also macerated for varying periods of time.
See Also
Amphora
Amphora is a traditional clay or terracotta vessel used for fermenting, aging and storing wine. These vessels are neutral and porous, allowing micro oxygenation without adding oak flavors.
Oak
Oak imparts flavor, aroma and texture into wines through fermentation in oak barrels. These barrels act as gentle, breathable vessels that add complex notes and improve the wine's overall structure and mouthfeel.
Racking
Racking refers to the process of transferring wine from one tank or barrel to another using gravity rather than a pump to separate clear liquid from sediment.
Clarification
Wine clarification is a process winemakers use to remove suspended solids, such as dead yeast (lees), grape skins, pulp and proteins.
Must
Grape must is the freshly pressed, unfermented grape juice which contains the fruit's skins, seeds and sometimes stems (collectively referred to as pomace).
Harvest
The harvest marks the end of the vine growing cycle, typically occuring between August and October in the Northern hemisphere. It is the stage where ripe grapes are picked from the vineyard to begin winemaking.
Malic Acid
Malic acid is a naturally occuring organic acid in wine grapes, primarily found in unripe or cool climate berries. It gives a sharp acidity, tartness and freshness to wine.
Sediment
The term "sediment" signifies the natural, organic by products of the winemaking and aging process. It is made up of grape solids (skins, seeds, pulp), dead yeast cells (lees) and tartarate crystals (wine diamonds).